tiarella

Native plants for a border in Wake County, North Carolina

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  • New Jersey Tea
    Ceanothus americanus

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    unknown author, USFWS, Public domain, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    White, Spring, Summer2.5 ft tall, 4 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Grows in potsSupports 43 caterpillar species (genus)
  • Heartleaf Aster
    Symphyotrichum cordifolium

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    (c) Alan Rockefeller, some rights reserved (CC BY), CC BY 4.0, Original photo, iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    Blue, Summer, Fall2.5 ft tall, 2 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Grows in potsSupports 45 specialist bee species (genus)
  • Calico Aster
    Symphyotrichum lateriflorum

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    no rights reserved, CC0, Original photo, iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    White, Summer, Fall3 ft tall, 1.5 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Supports 45 specialist bee species (genus)
  • Bluestem Goldenrod
    Solidago caesia

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    R.A. Nonenmacher, CC BY-SA 4.0, Original photo, Original NCSU photograph bytes; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    Yellow, Aug to Oct2.5 ft tall, 2 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Grows in potsSupports 36 specialist bee species (genus)
  • Narrowleaf Sundrops
    Oenothera fruticosa

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Kurt Stüber [1], CC BY-SA 3.0, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    Yellow, Summer1.5 ft tall, 2 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Feeds 5 bird species (genus)
  • Wild Strawberry
    Fragaria virginiana

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    (c) psweet, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), CC BY-SA 4.0, Original photo, iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    White, Spring6 in tall, 1.5 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Grows in potsFeeds 14 bird species (genus)
  • Black Huckleberry
    Gaylussacia baccata

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    (c) rboles, some rights reserved (CC BY), CC BY 4.0, Original photo, iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    Spring2 ft tall, 3 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Feeds 11 bird species (genus)
  • Wild Geranium
    Geranium maculatum

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Stacy Hodes, CC BY 4.0, Original photo, Original NCSU photograph bytes; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    Spring, Summer1.5 ft tall, 1 ft wideUsually moist soil
    Grows in potsFeeds 11 bird species (genus)
  • Bird's-foot Violet
    Viola pedata

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    no rights reserved, CC0, Original photo, iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    Spring, Summer6 in tall, 6 in wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Feeds 8 bird species (genus)
  • Swamp Rosemallow
    Hibiscus moscheutos

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    no rights reserved, CC0, Original photo, iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    Jul to Sep5 ft tall, 3 ft wideMoist to wet soil
    Grows in potsSupports 33 caterpillar species (genus)
  • Mapleleaf Viburnum
    Viburnum acerifolium

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Jomegat, CC BY-SA 3.0, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    White, Spring, Summer5 ft tall, 4 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Feeds 18 bird species (genus)
  • Yellow Wild Indigo
    Baptisia tinctoria

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    DouglasGoldman, CC BY-SA 4.0, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    Yellow, Spring, Summer3 ft tall, 2.5 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Supports 23 caterpillar species (genus)
  • Eastern Smooth Beardtongue
    Penstemon laevigatus

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Susan Strine, CC BY 2.0, Original photo, Original NCSU photograph bytes; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    Spring, Summer2.5 ft tall, 2.5 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Feeds 2 bird species (genus)
  • Whorled Milkweed
    Asclepias verticillata

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    George F Mayfield, CC BY-SA 2.0, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    Jul to Sep2 ft tall, 1.5 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Supports 14 caterpillar species (genus)
  • Swamp Milkweed
    Asclepias incarnata

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Jasper Shide, CC0, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    Jun to Aug4 ft tall, 2.5 ft wideUsually moist soil
    Supports 14 caterpillar species (genus)
  • Butterfly Milkweed
    Asclepias tuberosa

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Eric Hunt, CC BY-SA 4.0, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    Orange, May to Aug1.5 ft tall, 1 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Grows in potsSupports 14 caterpillar species (genus)
  • Green Milkweed
    Asclepias viridiflora

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    wackybadger, CC BY-SA 2.0, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    Spring, Summer1.5 ft tall, 1.5 ft wideDry to somewhat dry soil
    Supports 14 caterpillar species (genus)
  • Fringed Sedge
    Carex crinita

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Superior National Forest, CC BY 2.0, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    Jun to Jul3 ft tall, 1.5 ft wideMoist to wet soil
    Feeds 50 bird species (genus)
  • Bladder Sedge
    Carex intumescens

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Superior National Forest, CC BY 2.0, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    Jun to Jul2 ft tall, 1.5 ft wideAverage to wet soil
    Feeds 50 bird species (genus)
  • Sallow Sedge
    Carex lurida

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    no rights reserved, CC0, Original photo, iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    May to Aug2 ft tall, 2 ft wideUsually moist soil
    Feeds 50 bird species (genus)
  • Rosy Sedge
    Carex rosea

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    (c) hr_dragonfly, some rights reserved (CC BY), CC BY 4.0, Original photo, iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    Jun to Jun1 ft tall, 1 ft wideDry to moist soil
    Feeds 50 bird species (genus)
  • Eastern Flowering Spurge
    Euphorbia corollata

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    (c) Douglas Goldman, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), CC BY-SA 4.0, Original photo, iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    Summer, Fall2.5 ft tall, 2.5 ft wideDry to average soil
    Feeds 14 bird species (genus)
  • Dwarf Crested Iris
    Iris cristata

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Dr. Thomas Barnes, USFWS, Public domain, Original photo, Source scanned from 1980s 35 mm slide; Wikimedia thumbnail; no additional crop or retouching.

    Spring7 in tall, 10 in wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Grows in potsSupports 10 caterpillar species (genus)
  • Bushy Seedbox
    Ludwigia alternifolia

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    sonnia hill, CC BY 2.0, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    Yellow, Summer, Fall2.5 ft tall, 1 ft wideUsually moist soil
    Feeds 4 bird species (genus)
  • Lyreleaf Sage
    Salvia lyrata

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Fritzflohrreynolds, CC BY-SA 3.0, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    Spring1.5 ft tall, 10 in wideSomewhat dry to wet soil
    Supports 11 caterpillar species (genus)
  • Downy Phlox
    Phlox pilosa

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    NPS Staff, Public domain, Original photo, Digitized historical NPS educational slide; Wikimedia thumbnail, no additional crop or retouching.

    May to Jul1.5 ft tall, 1 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Feeds 2 bird species (genus)
  • Little Bluestem
    Schizachyrium scoparium

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Joshua Mayer, CC BY-SA 2.0 DE, Original photo, Original NCSU photograph bytes; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    Summer3 ft tall, 2 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Grows in potsFeeds 4 bird species (genus)
  • Rattlesnake-master
    Eryngium yuccifolium

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, CC BY-SA 4.0, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    Summer5 ft tall, 4.5 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Grows in pots
  • Meadow Phlox
    Phlox maculata

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Robert H. Mohlenbrock. USDA NRCS. 1995. Northeast wetland flora: Field office guide to plant species. Northeast National Technical Center, Chester. Courtesy of USDA NRCS Wetland Science Institute., Public domain, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    Jun to Aug2.5 ft tall, 1.5 ft wideUsually moist soil
    Feeds 2 bird species (genus)
  • Common Golden-Alexanders
    Zizia aurea

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Susan Strine, CC BY 2.0, Original photo, Original NCSU photograph bytes; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    Yellow, Spring, Summer1.5 ft tall, 1.5 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Grows in pots
  • Cardinal-flower
    Lobelia cardinalis

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Barnes, Dr. Thomas G., Public domain, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    Jul to Sep4.5 ft tall, 1.5 ft wideUsually moist soil
    Grows in pots
  • False Solomon's-seal
    Maianthemum racemosum

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Walter Siegmund (talk), CC BY-SA 3.0, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    White2.5 ft tall, 2 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Feeds 9 bird species (genus)
  • Heartleaf Golden-Alexanders
    Zizia aptera

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Chelsea Monks, Black Hills National Forest, Public domain, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    Yellow, Apr to May2 ft tall, 1 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Grows in pots
  • Fire Pink
    Silene virginica

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Stacy Hodes, CC BY 4.0, Original photo, Original NCSU photograph bytes; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    Red, May to Jul1 ft tall, 1.5 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Feeds 13 bird species (genus)
  • Hoary Mountain-mint
    Pycnanthemum incanum

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    James H. Miller & Ted Bodner, Southern Weed Science Society, CC BY-SA 3.0, Original photo, Original NCSU photograph bytes; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    4.5 ft tall, 3 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
  • Clustered Mountain-mint
    Pycnanthemum muticum

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Cathy Dewitt, CC BY 4.0, Original photo, Original NCSU photograph bytes; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    3.5 ft tall, 2.5 ft wideUsually moist soil
  • Slender Mountain-mint
    Pycnanthemum tenuifolium

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Hope Duckworth, CC BY 4.0, Original photo, Original NCSU photograph bytes; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    3 ft tall, 2.5 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Grows in pots
  • Hoary Skullcap
    Scutellaria incana

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    (c) Healthy Yards, some rights reserved (CC BY), CC BY 4.0, Original photo, iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    Jun to Sep2.5 ft tall, 2 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Feeds 1 bird species (genus)
  • River Oats
    Chasmanthium latifolium

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Eric in SF, CC BY-SA 3.0, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    Summer3.5 ft tall, 2 ft wideUsually moist soil
    Grows in pots
  • Virginia Spring-beauty
    Claytonia virginica

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Kaldari, Public domain, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    Apr to Jun7 in tall, 7 in wideUsually moist soil
    Feeds 13 bird species (genus)
  • White Turtlehead
    Chelone glabra

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    R.A Nonenmacher, CC BY-SA 4.0, Original photo, Original NCSU photograph bytes; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    Jul to Sep2 ft tall, 1.5 ft wideUsually moist soil
    Grows in pots
  • Canada Horsebalm
    Collinsonia canadensis

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    (c) Katie Kucera, some rights reserved (CC BY), CC BY 4.0, Original photo, iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    3 ft tall, 2 ft wideUsually moist soil
  • Tall Thimbleweed
    Anemone virginiana

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    (c) Tom Norton, some rights reserved (CC BY), CC BY 4.0, Original photo, iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    Jun to Aug3 ft tall, 1.5 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Grows in potsFeeds 2 bird species (genus)
  • Virginia Waterleaf
    Hydrophyllum virginianum

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    (c) Ashwin Srinivasan, some rights reserved (CC BY), CC BY 4.0, Original photo, iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    1.5 ft tall, 1.5 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
  • Fringed Bluestar
    Amsonia ciliata

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    (c) Michelle W. （鍾偉瑋）, some rights reserved (CC BY), CC BY 4.0, Original photo, iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    Blue2.5 ft tall, 2.5 ft wideDry to average soil
  • Eastern Bluestar
    Amsonia tabernaemontana

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Susan Strine, CC BY 2.0, Original photo, Original NCSU photograph bytes; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    Blue, Apr to Jun2.5 ft tall, 2.5 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Grows in pots
  • Sessile-leaf Bellwort
    Uvularia sessilifolia

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Shenandoah National Park from Virginia, Public domain, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    Yellow, Apr to May1 ft tall, 1 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
  • Piedmont Foamflower
    Tiarella cordifolia

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Ghislain118, CC BY-SA 3.0, Original photo, Original NCSU photograph bytes; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    8 in tall, 1 ft wideUsually moist soil
    Grows in potsFeeds 2 bird species (genus)
  • Sweet Woodreed
    Cinna arundinacea

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Robert H. Mohlenbrock. USDA SCS. 1989. Midwest wetland flora: Field office illustrated guide to plant species. Midwest National Technical Center, Lincoln. Courtesy of USDA NRCS Wetland Science Institute., Public domain, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    Aug to Sep3 ft tall, 1.5 ft wideAverage to wet soil
    Feeds 1 bird species (genus)
  • Sweet Goldenrod
    Solidago odora

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    James H. Miller, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org, CC BY-SA 3.0, Original photo, Original NCSU photograph bytes; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    Summer, Fall3 ft tall, 1.5 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Supports 36 specialist bee species (genus)
  • Wrinkle-leaf Goldenrod
    Solidago rugosa

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Alan Weakley, CC0, Original photo, Original NCSU photograph bytes; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    Jul to Oct3 ft tall, 2 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Grows in potsSupports 36 specialist bee species (genus)
  • Robin's-plantain
    Erigeron pulchellus

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    no rights reserved, CC0, Original photo, iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    Spring, Summer1.5 ft tall, 2 ft wideUsually moist soil
    Supports 9 specialist bee species (genus)
  • Coastal Plain Joe-pye-weed
    Eutrochium dubium

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    (c) Dilrukshan Priyantha Wijesinghe, some rights reserved (CC BY), CC BY 4.0, Original photo, iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    4.5 ft tall, 3 ft wideUsually moist soil
    Supports 42 caterpillar species (genus)
  • Small's Ragwort
    Packera anonyma

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Pieter Pelser, CC BY 3.0, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    Spring2.5 ft tall, 1.5 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Feeds 4 bird species (genus)
  • Black-eyed Susan
    Rudbeckia hirta

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, CC BY-SA 4.0, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    Jun to Oct3 ft tall, 1.5 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Grows in potsSupports 25 specialist bee species (genus)
  • Orange Coneflower
    Rudbeckia fulgida

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Susan Strine, CC BY 2.0, Original photo, Original NCSU photograph bytes; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    Summer, Fall2.5 ft tall, 1.5 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Supports 25 specialist bee species (genus)
  • Common Wild Quinine
    Parthenium integrifolium

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Peterwchen, CC BY-SA 4.0, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    Summer, Fall3 ft tall, 1.5 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Supports 20 caterpillar species (genus)
  • White Wood-aster
    Eurybia divaricata

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    (c) Douglas Goldman, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), CC BY-SA 4.0, Original photo, iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    Summer, Fall2 ft tall, 2 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Supports 27 specialist bee species (genus)
  • Common Sneezeweed
    Helenium autumnale

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Virginia State Parks, CC BY 2.0, Original photo, Original NCSU photograph bytes; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    Aug to Oct4 ft tall, 2.5 ft wideMoist to wet soil
    Grows in potsSupports 14 specialist bee species (genus)
  • Purplehead Sneezeweed
    Helenium flexuosum

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Eric in SF, CC BY-SA 3.0, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    Summer2 ft tall, 1.5 ft wideMoist to wet soil
    Grows in potsSupports 14 specialist bee species (genus)
  • Lanceleaf Tickseed
    Coreopsis lanceolata

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    PK2Morgan, CC BY-SA 4.0, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    May to Aug2 ft tall, 1.5 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Grows in potsSupports 15 specialist bee species (genus)
  • Whorled Tickseed
    Coreopsis verticillata

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Carl Lewis, CC BY 2.0, Original photo, Original NCSU photograph bytes; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    May to Jul1.5 ft tall, 1.5 ft wideSomewhat dry to average soil
    Grows in potsSupports 15 specialist bee species (genus)
  • Smooth Oxeye
    Heliopsis helianthoides

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Scott Loarie, CC0, Original photo, iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    Summer, Fall4.5 ft tall, 3 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Supports 10 specialist bee species (genus)
  • Christmas Fern
    Polystichum acrostichoides

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    jamie, CC BY 4.0, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    2 ft tall, 2 ft wideUsually moist soil
    Grows in potsFeeds 2 bird species (genus)
  • Royal Fern
    Osmunda spectabilis

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Nathan Howell; Howell, Krings and Braham (2016), CC BY 4.0, Original photo, Original published individual photograph panel; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding

    Spring4.5 ft tall, 2.5 ft wideAverage to wet soil
    Grows in pots
  • Cinnamon Fern
    Osmundastrum cinnamomeum

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Wayne National forest, CC BY 2.0, Original photo, Original NCSU photograph bytes; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    Spring4 ft tall, 3 ft wideUsually moist soil
    Grows in pots
  • Plantain-leaf Pussytoes
    Antennaria plantaginifolia

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    (c) Taro Ietaka, some rights reserved (CC BY), CC BY 4.0, Original photo, iNaturalist medium image; no additional crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    Apr to Jun5 in tall, 1.5 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
    Feeds 5 bird species (genus)
  • Sensitive Fern
    Onoclea sensibilis

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Kurt Stüber [1], CC BY-SA 3.0, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    1.5 ft tall, 2.5 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil
  • Northern Maidenhair Fern
    Adiantum pedatum

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Tim McCormack (Phyzome), CC BY-SA 3.0, Original photo, Wikimedia thumbnail; no crop or retouching

    Summer2 ft tall, 2 ft wideUsually moist soil
    Grows in pots
  • Northern Green-and-gold
    Chrysogonum virginianum

    Recorded in Wake County

    Photo credit

    Patty Felder, CC BY 4.0, Original photo, Original NCSU photograph bytes; no crop, retouching, or re-encoding.

    1 in tall, 1.5 ft wideSomewhat dry to moist soil